Cassandra feature support
YugabyteDB supports most standard Cassandra features
Yugabyte Cloud Query Language (YCQL) has its roots in the Cassandra Query Language (CQL). The following tables highlight the important differences in feature support between YCQL and Cassandra 3.4.2.
Data types
Primitive Types
| Category | Types | |
|---|---|---|
| Integers | BIGINT, COUNTER, INT, INTEGER, SMALLINT, TINYINT, VARINT | |
| Numbers | DECIMAL, DOUBLE, FLOAT | |
| Binary data | BLOB | |
| Boolean | BOOLEAN | |
| Date/Time | DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP | |
| Collections | FROZEN, LIST, MAP, SET | |
| IP Addresses | INET | |
| JSON | JSONB | |
| String | TEXT, VARCHAR | |
| UUID | TIMEUUID, UUID | |
| TUPLE |
User defined data types
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Create new type | CREATE TYPE | |
| Delete types | DROP TYPE | |
| Alter types |
DDL
Keyspaces
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Creating keyspace | CREATE KEYSPACE | |
| Check before creating keyspace | CREATE KEYSPACE IF NOT EXISTS |
|
| Modifying keyspace | ALTER KEYSPACE - No Op | |
| Check before altering keyspace | ALTER KEYSPACE IF EXISTS |
Tables
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Adding columns | ADD COLUMN | |
| Altering tables | ALTER TABLE | |
| Removing columns | DROP COLUMN | |
| Rename column's name | RENAME COLUMN | |
| Check before altering tables | ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS |
Indexes
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Adding indexes | CREATE INDEX | |
| Removing indexes | DROP INDEX | |
| Partial indexes | Partial indexes | |
| Covering indexes | Covering indexes | |
| Unique indexes | Unique indexes | |
| Adding indexes on Collection | Cannot create index on map/list/set/full jsonb/udt and the keys,values,entries of a collection |
DML
Select
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Select columns | SELECT * FROM ... | |
Conditional select with [NOT] IN clause |
SELECT ... WHERE key IN ... | |
Conditional select with IF clause |
SELECT ... IF ... | |
Select using CONTAINS [KEY] |
SELECT * FROM ... | |
SELECT JSON |
JSONB is supported as a native type | |
Select with PER PARTITION LIMIT |
||
Grouping results with GROUP BY |
Update
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Update columns | UPDATE - Only single row updates | |
Conditional update with [NOT] IN clause |
Only single row updates | |
Conditional update with IF clause |
UPDATE ... IF | |
Update with USING clause |
UPDATE ... USING | |
Conditional Update using CONTAINS [KEY] |
UPDATE ... WHERE <col> CONTAINS ... |
Delete
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Delete rows | DELETE - Only single row deletes | |
Conditional delete with IF clause |
DELETE ... IF | |
Delete with USING clause |
DELETE ... USING | |
Conditional delete with [NOT] IN clause |
Only single row deletes | |
Conditional delete using CONTAINS [KEY] |
DELETE ... WHERE <col> CONTAINS ... |
Insert
| Operation | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Adding columns | INSERT ... INTO ... | |
INSERT JSON |
JSONB is supported as a native type |
Transactions
| Feature | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Begin a transaction | BEGIN TRANSACTION | |
| End a transaction | END TRANSACTION | |
| SQL style transaction start | START TRANSACTION | |
| SQL style transaction commit | COMMIT |
Security
| Component | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Roles | Manage users and roles | |
| Permissions | Grant privileges | |
| Users | Legacy Cassandra feature (CREATE, DROP, ALTER, LIST) | |
LIST ROLES |
But can be done using query | |
LIST PERMISSIONS |
But can be done using query |
Other Features
| Component | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Aggregates | AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM | |
| Built-in Functions | Now, DateOf, CurrentTime, ToTime, UUID ... | |
| Operators | Binary, Unary, Null operators | |
| Batch | Only programmatically via BatchStatement | |
| Materialized Views | ||
| Triggers | ||
| User Defined Aggregates(UDA) | ||
| User-defined functions(UDF) |